Principles of Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Standards of Marketing - Essay Example Nonetheless, item, spot and evaluating appear to be the most basic things which decide the achievement and disappointments of the item in the market. This paper examinations the significance of Price, Product and Place in the promoting blend. â€Å"To make the correct showcasing blend, organizations need to meet the accompanying conditions: The item must have the correct highlights; The cost must be correct; The merchandise must be in the opportune spot at the privilege time† (Marketing blend (Price, Place, Promotion, Product)) The item is the most significant thing which decides the achievement of advertising endeavors. No item can endure long in the market on the off chance that it doesn't have the correct highlights. For instance, current cell phones have interactive media offices like camera, sound, video recording and playing, web and email, contact screen order offices, and so forth. It is hard for a cell phone item to prevail in the market at present without every one o f these offices. Simultaneously if a cell phone producer prevailing with regards to fusing some other remarkable highlights to their item, they will end up being the pioneers in the market. For instance, contact screen office was presented in the market just because Apple Inc however their progressive item iphone. Since the presentation of ipod, numerous different organizations joined touch screen offices to their items. Be that as it may, no items tasted achievement simply like the iphones. To put it plainly, consolidation of the correct component at the opportune time is significant for the accomplishment of the item in the market. Items which address the issues of the customers will prevail in the market though items which neglected to grab the eye of the purchasers will come up short in the market. â€Å"The cost should fit the objective audience’s capacity to pay, and may likewise need to factor in motivations, for example, edges for discount and retail dealers or suppl iers who guarantee that the item is conveyed to the customer† (4 Ps - Product, Price, Place and Promotion). It is hard for an item maker to set same cost for an item in various markets. They should give limited cost to the wholesalers with the goal that the distributer would have the option to raise the value somewhat to get some benefit. Also, cost can be adjusted dependent on the flexibly and request hypothesis in financial aspects. At the point when the gracefully is insufficient regarding the interest, the costs can be expanded though when the flexibly is more than the interest, the costs could be brought down to make more request. Occasional valuing is another system which is played by the item makers in the market. In some uncommon events like, Christmas, Valentine’s Day, President’s Day and so on, item makers decline the cost so as to make more request and to build the selling. â€Å"Pricing isn't as basic as it would appear. In certain circumstances, a l ower cost won't really imply that more will be sold as the value level could likewise impact the apparent nature of a product† (Four Ps Of Marketing - Product, Price, Promotion, Placement). Very low or more significant expenses may make misguided judgments about the item in the psyches of the customers. For instance, Chinese items are amazingly less expensive contrasted with the costs of the contenders which made a feeling of sub-par quality in the psyches of shoppers. In this way when a rich individual takes a purchasing choice, he will go for items from different nations due to the built up discernment about the modest nature of Chinese items. To put it plainly, sufficient

Why did the Weimar Republic survive the crisis of 1918 1923 Essay Example

For what reason did the Weimar Republic endure the emergency of 1918 1923 Paper Numerous frantically difficult issues confronted the new Weimar Republic and its constitution between 1918 1923, as investigated in the past paper. Incredibly, the Republic endure and stayed flawless. It endure falling because of numerous arrangements the Treaty of Versailles, from political, financial, left wing, and conservative issues as well. These various arrangements shielded Germany from disintegrating. In this article, I will investigate these answers for show how and why the Weimar Republic endure the emergency of 1918 1923. The Weimar Constitution was structured as a reasonable popularity based settlement to bring back dependability, with which each German could distinguish. It resulted in an ersatzkaiser, and was possibly de-balancing out, yet regardless of this, the constitution worked very well for sure. It gave German individuals the privilege to work, and give cash (satisfied the left wing) despite the fact that Germany was in extraordinary obligation. It gave laborers National Insurance, and alluded to Nationalization, which would bind together Germany, despite the fact that the Right wing would wrath. The Constitution carried Germany from absolutism to vote based system; appeared by everybody more than 20 being permitted to cast a ballot, and gave individuals numerous social rights e. g. o have the option to have a place with a Union, and adjusted as a major aspect of the constitution. The Constitution functioned admirably under extraordinary conditions, for instance in the Kapp Putsch. Article 48 was possibly destabilizing, and enabled to be mishandled and turn into a despot. Notwithstanding, Article 48 was not manhandled in the period 1918 1923 by any means. It was utilized appropriately and as it ought to have been reasonably, to settle, and achieve request. The alliance governments that rose from the constitution regularly fell over differences, however there were numerous valid statements about them. We will compose a custom paper test on Why did the Weimar Republic endure the emergency of 1918 1923 explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Why did the Weimar Republic endure the emergency of 1918 1923 explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Why did the Weimar Republic endure the emergency of 1918 1923 explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer They caused gatherings to feel needed and they could all have a state on how the nation was run. The gatherings had to bargain and filled in as one. The Social democrats and Catholics could now have an influence in the administration, who were recently observed as foes of the Reich. The president and the Reichstag were finely adjusted, thus alliance governments had numerous confident focuses encompassing them to keep the Weimar Republic going, thus enduring the numerous emergencies that compromised the new Republic. So the new Republic endure issues from the constitution, for the most part on the grounds that there were numerous positive sides to it. Individuals could work and get cash on the off chance that they werent, they could cast a ballot, a change they had not yet experienced under the Kaiser. Article 48 was utilized appropriately and reasonably and the gatherings functioned admirably together, so it wasnt all terrible, and as this was so it shielded the republic from falling. In spite of the fact that the Treaty of Versailles treated Germany more brutally than was normal, the outcomes were not all terrible as they initially showed up. The marking of the peace negotiation finished the war before Germany could be involved by the partners. The cruelty of the bargain joined Germany and each German, it turned into a solid joined country state. The decimation of the Austrian-Hungary Empire and Ottoman Empire made numerous littler states. Germany turned into a huge, amazing nation among these littler nations, in a situation to overwhelm Eastern/Central Europe. France neglected to debilitate Germany forever, and the cruel Reparations didn't totally demolish the German economy. The Allies later changed the Reparation requests by the Dawes Plan. Be that as it may, the French control of the Ruhr was outside Germanys ability to control. Along these lines, the Treaty fortified the nation together in the midst of trouble. The settlement was scorned and abhorred, yet every German was joined in its disdain. Disdain wasnt coordinated much towards the legislature, the nations contempt was coordinated more towards the Allies. Germany turned into a solid nation, thus confidence was supported by the individuals realizing that their nation was still as ground-breaking, if not more in its position. So the Republic endure this emergency well.. the Treaty wasnt as awful as it could have been. The monetary issues genuinely sabotaged the system, however the choices made by the Government were not all terrible. For instance when the French involved the Ruhr, the individuals bolstered the Government via doing uninvolved opposition, and not co-working with the French as they assumed control over the mines. This demonstrates steadfastness to the Weimar Republic. At the point when hyperinflation set in, there were numerous failures, yet on the positive side there were victors as well. Expansion is useful for development! Champs were the individuals who owed cash and had the option to take care of obligations in cheapened money, sharecroppers could keep the family alive on their merchandise and purchase the ranch for themselves, landowners could purchase all the more land from the guileless and frantic, and business visionaries could abuse modest credit and swelled benefits to make enormous mechanical organizations, (e. g. Hugo Stinnes). Along these lines, in spite of the fact that the were failures: working classes and those living on fixed pay missed out, many individuals would profit and be exceedingly cheerful. At the point when the new government was set up after Wilhelm Cunos fell in August 1923, another chancellor, Stresemann, of the DVP, fathomed for all intents and purposes all of Germanys financial issues right away. Stresemann canceled Passive opposition in the Ruhr, as it didnt appear to be working, halted the printing of increasingly useless cash, and presented another money.. the Rentenmark. This new money balanced out the German economy practically overnight. In this way, albeit numerous individuals missed out with the impacts of hyperinflation and were irritated with the new Government, individuals benefitted from hyperinflation. With the strength of the cash individuals had the option to lead to a greater degree a characteristic life, and would be satisfied with the administration for returning them to typicality. For this there would not be as much disdain towards the legislature. Germany started to flourish, and regardless of the washouts the individuals who benefitted (those with power Stinnes) came out happier from hyperinflation than if it had never had of occurred. In this way, a few people would have nothing against the Government, as it presented to them their fortunes, and liberated individuals from overwhelming obligation. The Left wing endeavored to topple the administration, yet they fizzled. The left wing dangers, for instance the Spartakists, were effectively put down the Army the Ebert/Groener Pact. This shows how the Left wing would have never have gotten an opportunity of turning Germany Communist, because of the quality of the military. So it would endure the emergency because of the military. The awful association with respect to Karl liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg likewise prompted the left wing rout they were killed by the military as well. So the Republic endure the emergency from the left because of awful association, and extraordinary left wing numbers were exceptionally overestimated. For individuals just went to the conventions as they were jobless, hungry, and numerous individuals were experiencing Spanish influenza. Be that as it may, the individuals saw the KPD for what they were as they were not enduring as much as the Russians did in the Russian insurgency. There was less separation than in the USSR too joblessness was not unreasonably genuine, in spite of the fact that individuals were experiencing yearning and influenza in 1918. The Left wing supported the activities of the legislature, for instance when Kapp held onto power in Berlin, the left sorted out a general strike in Berlin and somewhere else. The Left was never sufficiently able to represent a genuine danger to the Republic. They were overestimated and effortlessly put down. The Left wing went into disorder in 1921 and never represented a danger from that point on. Despite the fact that there was a discussion of a German October, The Red armed force in the Ruhr was effortlessly put somewhere near the military thus, because of the ineptitude of the Left and awful association, they were destined from the beginning and never extremely sufficiently able to assume responsibility for the Government so the Weimar Republic endure. The danger from the Right was the best to the new Weimar Republic, yet they neglected to oust the administration, thus letting the weimar Republic endure the emergencies from the Right. They flopped on this because of a couple of fundamental reasons. The Right Wing were seriously scattered, much the same as the outrageous Left Wing. Kapp neglected to mount a fruitful putsch, as was Hitler. On the two events the military stayed impartial and didn't bolster the radicals, and the two of them committed terrible errors. The two of them neglected to hold onto power, they were wayward thus the Republic endure. Common individuals bolstered the legislature when the privilege went excessively far. For instance the death of Walther Rathenau. 700000 individuals ended up protesting against the Organization Consul, as they detested Right Wing fanaticism. The military, and the ites in the administration never proposed to oust the Government, as they were awfully terrified of a common war. In spite of the fact that the appointed authorities were one-sided, they despite everything expelled the extraordinary left wing dissidents and ended their endeavors to hold onto power by condemning most of them to death. The Right was very thought little of, they were the best danger to the Republic, yet they didnt act like much as a danger to the Republic in the years 1918 1923 as they did when Hitler was in power in the years 1932 1933. The Government had the help of the overall population, in the Kapp putsch and the Munich Putsch. Kapp was vanquished by a general strike. In this way, in spite of the fact that the extraordinary right was an imposing danger to the Weimar Republic in these early years they couldn't take control. They had a lot of famous help

Airasia: Low Cost Carriers in Asia Pacific Essay

The utilization of data innovation assumes a significant job in the key and activity the board of airlines,and encourages the fruitful carriers later on. This paper will take a gander at the granting winning minimal effort bearers (LCC) in Asia Pacific locale †AirAsia, dissects the present business condition, upper hands, esteem chain, current execution of data innovation, and the suggested future usage of innovation in client relationship the executives (CRM) execution to seek after serious separation and productivity viably later on. Organization BACKGROUND AirAsia is one of the honor winning and biggest low admission carriers in the Asia growing quickly since 2001. With an armada of 72 airplanes, AirAsia flies to more than 61 household and worldwide goals with 108 courses, and works more than 400 flights every day from center points situated in Malaysia, Thailand, and Indonesia. Today, AirAsia has flown more than 55 million visitors over the district and keeps on making progressively broad course arrange through its partner organizations. AirAsia puts stock in the nitty gritty, bother free, low admission business idea and feels that minimizing expenses requires high productivity in all aspects of the business. Through the corporate way of thinking of â€Å"Now Everyone Can Fly†, AirAsia has started an upset in air travel with an ever increasing number of individuals around the locale picking AirAsia as their favored decision of transport. AirAsia makes esteems through the accompanying vision and mission: Vision Mission To be the biggest ease carrier in Asia and serving the 3 billion individuals who are at present underserved with poor availability and high fares.To be the best organization to work for whereby representatives are treated as a major aspect of a major family Create an all inclusive perceived ASEAN brand To achieve the most minimal expense so everybody can fly with AirAsia Maintain the greatest item, grasping innovation to lessen cost and upgrade administration levels AirAsia makes the low charge model conceivable and make esteems through the execution of the accompanying key systems: Strategies Safety First Partnering with the world’s most prestigious upkeep suppliers and consenting to the world carrier activities. High Aircraft Utilization Implementing the districts quickest turnaround time at just 25 minutes, guaranteeing lower costs and higher efficiency. Low Fare, No Frills Providing visitors with the decision of altering administrations without settling on quality and administrations. Smooth out Operations Making sure that procedures are as basic as could reasonably be expected. Lean Distribution System Offering a wide and creative scope of appropriation channels to make booking and voyaging simpler. Point to Point Network Applying the point-to-point organize keeps activity straightforward and lower costs.

Do You Have to Write a Sexual Contract Essay Topics?

Do You Have to Write a Sexual Contract Essay Topics?When it comes to writing an essay, do you have to write a sexual contract essay topics? Well, this is not really that hard to do, but there are a few things you need to take into consideration before you get started. If you are not sure what things you need to consider before you write the essays, then read on to learn a little more about them.The first thing you need to think about is how you would phrase your sexual contract essay topics. For instance, are you going to give examples from other people's experiences or are you going to give actual advice on what to do?Example could be very helpful. If you are going to give examples of other people's sexual contract essay topics, make sure you go over and out about why the person is in a sexual relationship. In some cases, you might even get your subject to come out and admit it in front of the class. However, if you are going to give examples, make sure you check to see if they are okay with what you are saying.Another thing you should take into consideration when you are writing sexual contract essay topics is how you would begin your conclusion. If you do not know how to start the end of your paper, then just make sure you avoid saying anything. Simply stating that the subject's feelings have changed can really hurt your subject's feelings.Sex has often been used as a means of control for people. Therefore, you need to make sure your subject is doing everything he or she can to keep him or her from having sex with another person.It might also be a good idea to mention other issues that may arise during a relationship. This way, your subject will notbe completely bashed on the one he or she has decided to sleep with.Now that you know what to do with your sexual contract essay topics, you should be able to create several essays to write. You just need to be creative and open to different ideas. After all, sex does not always have to mean promiscuity and improp riety.

The Effect Of Ocean Acidification On The Rates Of Calcium...

INTRODUCTION/ABSTRACT For the past 200 years, the rapid increase in atmospheric CO2 continues to be produced by, the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, industrialization, cement production, and other land-use changes. The ocean absorbs much of this excess CO2 through air-sea gas exchange, resulting in changes in seawater chemistry. Due to human-made emissions, the CO2 content of the oceans has dramatically increased and is gradually acidifying the surface waters. As a result of human-made emissions, the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere and oceans has increased dramatically during recent decades. In the ocean, the accumulating CO2 is gradually acidifying the surface waters, making it difficult for shelled organisms such as corals and certain open sea plankton to build their calcium carbonate skeletons. Since this process affects the functioning of several marine ecosystems, it has been massively studied in recent years. However, getting an accurate measure is complicated because the effect of ocean aci dification on the rates of calcium produced by marine organisms is extremely variable and its species specific. Since scientists incline to use local and site-specific field measurements, treating reef environments and open sea environments separately, their measurements reflect the local response of individual organisms to elevated CO2 levels, leaving out the overall picture. RESEARCH Increasing concentrations of CO2 in the world s oceans has resulted with seriousShow MoreRelatedClimate Change : Ocean Acidification Essay1736 Words   |  7 Pagesthere is one crucial problem that is often overlooked: Ocean acidification. As pH levels in the ocean fluctuate, there are devastating effects on sensitive marine ecosystems and individual species. Increased acidic conditions can pose threats to habitats, such as coral reefs and sea grasses (Guinotte and Fabry 320). These living habitats rely on calcium carbonate to form strong external structures, yet higher pH levels inhibit the organisms’ ability to successfully absorb the compounds needed forRead MoreThe Effect Of Global Warming On The Ocean Essay2046 Words   |  9 Pages Chemistry A.S.91389 Chemical Process ‘Effect of Global Warming on the Ocean’ Jessica Smith Processes Although there is currently no way of accurately measuring such a value, scientists estimate that every day, 79 million tonnes of carbon dioxide is emitted into the atmosphere (2). And this rate is expected to grow if we do not change our ways (3). But why is this a problem? Well, they also estimate that our oceans absorb between a quarter and a third of the excess anthropogenic (human generated)Read MoreIncreasing Levels Of Carbon Dioxide1491 Words   |  6 Pagestowards the livelihood of coral reefs and other marine biota. The high levels of CO2 lead to a decline of ocean pH among other issues such as dramatic changes in oceanic make-up and chemistry. Statistics and data collected has shown that ocean acidification will not only increase but accelerate over the next century. The ocean takes in about 1/3 of anthropogenic carbon added to the atmosphere. Anthropogenic carbon refers to the excess CO2 added to the ocean and atmosphere from human fossil fuel combustionRead MoreThe Great est Significance Of The Great Barrier Reef1605 Words   |  7 Pagesin 1981 to help maintain it’s beauty allowing for tourists to keep wanting to visit, which greatly affects the economy in Australia and more specifically to keep the marine life alive. However, the reef is undergoing huge threats which are harming the environment in it. Australia s Great Barrier Reef is losing coral at an alarming rate and may soon lose its status as one of the world s great natural treasures. I think it is very important to not only know about this issue but to also do somethingRead MoreMarine Ecosystems: Coral Reefs1349 Words   |  6 Pagesare the oldest of marine ecosystems, the youngest approximately 10,000 years old, and are often referred to as the rain forests’ of the ocean. Found commonly in tropical waters less than deep, these areas have a high availability of nutrients and access to sunlight required for the process of photosynthesis. Coral reefs are amongst the most complex and bio-diverse ecosystems, spanning approximately 284,300 km2 (Spalding Ravilious et al., 2001) providing a home for 25% of all marine life. An increaseRead MoreEnvironmental Issues Affecting The Worlds Oceans1175 Words   |  5 PagesOcean covers 71 percent of the world s surface and holds 97 percent of the total water on Earth. For centuries, people have regarded it as an inexhaustible resource and a useful transport route. The ocean also plays a significant role in regulating the climate, the atmosphere, carbon cycling, and nutrition flow. However, environmental problems, particularly over the last few decades, have pushed the ocean to its limits. This essay will argue three major environmental issues impacting the world sRead MoreThe Effects Of Increasing Carbon Dioxide On Coral Reefs And The Ecosystem Services1683 Words   |  7 PagesEffects of increasing carbon dioxide on coral reefs and the ecosystem services Coral reefs are not just a bar of coral living beneath the surface of the water, but a diverse ecosystem with many food webs and inter-species relationships. Coral itself has a complex symbiotic relationship between polyp and zooplankton which lives as an endosymbiont in the polyp tissue. Ecosystem services are what the Coral provides to its nearby organisms and the physical environment. Coral’s calcium carbonate shellRead MoreShould We Become Hardened And Strong. The Industrial Revolution1470 Words   |  6 Pagescoral growth rate of the Great Barrier Reef in 2008 and 2009 and compared it to the growth rates back in 1975 and 1976, before the big boom of fossil fuel emissions. The team discovered that the coral’s growth rates had decreased by 40% in that time and they predict that it will only decrease further until the Great Barrier Reef is eroded completely. The increase of carbon dioxide and decrease of aragonite isn’t just affecting coral. It’s harming living organisms as well. Organisms that form shellsRead MoreShellfish And Zooplankton Such As Foraminifera And Pteropods1692 Words   |  7 Pageszooplankton such as foraminifera and pteropods. These organisms, especially zooplankton, are the base of the marine food chain, as they provide energy in the form of food for animals higher up the food chain. The levels of calcium carbonate, minerals that calcifying species use to build their exoskeleton, in the ocean are disturbed by the increased amounts of carbon dioxide that is being absorbed. This new absorption is causing some parts of the ocean to become unsaturated with this important compoundRead MoreIs Ocean Biodiversity Important?1442 Words   |  6 Pagessomething that I am deeply passionate about: ocean biodiversity. In the most basic sense, biodiversity is the variety of life in the world or in a particular habit at. Why is ocean biodiversity important and how does it play a role in our lives? Boris Worm, a marine research ecologist and associate professor at Dalhousie University in Canada, and his associates explains that, â€Å"local species richness enhance ecosystem productivity and stability†¦ marine ecosystems provide a wide variety goods and services

Mozambique Is A Sub Tropical Country - 895 Words

1. Introduction 1.1 General background information Mozambique is a sub-tropical country situated in 18ï‚ °15ï‚ ¢S 35ï‚ °00ï‚ ¢E in South Eastern Africa with a land area of over 799,380 km2. The country is divided into ten provinces and 128 districts. Mozambique has about 36 million hectares of arable land (Gà ªmo 2011), and approximately 3.9 million hectares, which make about ten percent of the arable land, are under cultivation with ninety-seven percent cultivated by smallholder farmers(FAO 2005). Mozambique has 1.4 million hectares of arable land suitable for producing maize (McNair et al. 2012). Most populations of developing countries rely on agriculture for their living (Hurley 2010), and more than 45 percent of sub-Saharan Africa’s population lives under the poverty line (Jayne et al. 2003). In 2008/09, Pauw et al. (2011) estimated poverty in Mozambique at approximately 55 percent. Agriculture occupies 81 percent of the country’s population (Demeke et al. 2009). The livelihood of most Mozambicans is based around the farm plot. Ninety-four percent of rural households depend, in some way, on the land. On average, households farm approximately 1.4 hectares (Heltberg and Tarp 2002). Production of food staples is dominated by smallholders and is subsistence-oriented (Uaiene et al. 2009). Families sell, on average, 29 percent of their crop output and the average annual value of sales 447,000 Meticais (MT), equivalent USD forty, per selling house hold (Heltberg and Tarp 2002). Maize andShow MoreRelatedEssay On Retroliberalism932 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Republic o f Mozambique (GRM), and Mozambiques National Union of Peasants (UNAC) press; leaked statements of self-advocates and scholarly articles; and ii) Scrutinisation of secondary literature, namely transcripts of interviews collected by previous academic research with Brazilian, Japanese and Mozambican subjects involved in the programme at some capacity. 3.1. Overview The Programme of Triangular Cooperation for Agricultural Development of the Tropical Savannahs of Mozambique (ProSAVANA) isRead MoreEssay791 Words   |  4 Pagesresearch with Brazilian, Japanese and Mozambican subjects involved in the programme at some capacity. 3.1. Overview The Programme of Triangular Cooperation for Agricultural Development of the Tropical Savannahs of Mozambique (ProSAVANA) is an ongoing trilateral initiative backed by the governments of Japan, Mozambique and Brazil that is aimed at increasing, over the span of 20 years, agricultural productivity along the Nacala corridor, an area encompassing some 14 million hectares of land currently cultivatedRead MoreZimbabwe : A Landlocked Country Essay959 Words   |  4 Pageslandlocked country, centrally situated in Southern Africa and sharing borders with Mozambique (to the East), South Africa (to the South), Botswana (to the West) and Zambia (to the North). With a population of about 12 million people, the country’s literacy rate is over 90% and ranked number one in Africa by UN Standards (2010). The country covers an area of 399 757km2 and has a sub-tropical climate which supports a wide range of agricultural activities. Although Zimbabwe is landlocked, the country enjoysRead MoreFemale Genital Schistosomiasis: Diagnosis and Treatment758 Words   |  4 PagesA few weeks ago, I introduced Huffington Post readers to a group of important diseases that most had never heard of -- neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). In that piece, I mentioned one disease that has a particularly devastating impact on girls and women in developing countries -- female genital schistosomiasis (FGS). Schistosomiasis, also known as bilharzia or snail fever, is a parasitic disease carried by fresh water snails. It is transmitted by contact with contaminated fresh water, so swimmingRead MoreA Study On Low K13 Mutation Profile971 Words   |  4 PagesLow K13 mutation profile, after introduction of Artemether-Lumefantrine, in Msambweni coastal region, Kenya. Reuben Mwikiio kinyanzwii 1 3*, Francis .T. Kimani 3, Laura Wangai 2 Eric Lelo 3 Edwin Too 3, Denis Mwaniki.1 1 Institute of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases (ITROMID), Nairobi, Kenya, 2 School of Health Sciences, Kirinyaga University College (Constituent College of JKUAT), Kerugoya, Kenya, 3 Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development (KEMRIRead MoreIntroduction. Sub-Saharan Africa (Ssa) Holds The Largest1246 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) holds the largest population in the world without electricity; about 70% of the total 1.3billion energy-poor around the world . The energy structure in SSA is challenging and dubbed by possessing inadequate capacity and unreliable means with high costs. In addition, the most expensive prices for access to electricity are paid by some of Africa’s poorest. Fortunately, distributed power in Africa does not have any policy regulations or grids to upkeep . Solar energyRead MoreAgricultural Officer ( Plant Production And Protection ), Regional Office Of Africa Essay1038 Words   |  5 Pagespopulation from 7.3 billion today to 9.7 billion by 20501. Overlying this scenario are changes in the global climate that will affect crop productivity. Cassava is the second most important source of calories after maize in some African countries, like Angola and Mozambique, but for the rural poor, it represents a much larger proportion of daily calories and provides an important source of proteins, vitamins and micronutrients1. The vision for cassava is that cassava will spur rural industrial developmentRead MoreMalawi Essays1495 Words   |  6 Pagesand Zambia on the North West, it is therefore found below the brant line in the southern hemisphere, subsequently showing that it’s an LEDC however there are many areas in Malawi that are LLEDC. Malawi is classed as one of the poorest country in the world having low numbers of economic development with an annual income per person of only US$170. The vast majority of the population live in the rural areas as there are only 14% of urban areas in Malawi. Malawi is an exampleRead MoreMalaria, Why Is It Not Eradicated?1749 Words   |  7 Pages2010 and 2015, and there has been a 60% decrease in mortality with the help of modern medicine and preventive measures. The Malaria situation is different in different parts of the world, and the epidemiology map is shifting, but currently sub-Saharan countries are the most affected. WHO (2012) reported that in 2013, there were 584,000 reported deaths and 528,000 were from Africa alone and 84% of them are children aged under five. Global funding for malaria research is only $500m, while an estimatedRead MorePoverty Is A Widespread Deficiency, Scarcity, And Poverty Essay1836 Words   |  8 Pagesto be taught how to fish, not given a fish; Al Summit did that. Africa experienced a lot over the years. The UN Food and Agriculture Association figures that 233 million people in sub-Saharan Africa were hungry/undernourished in 2014-6 (its most recent estimate). Notwithstanding, the currency of undernouris hment in sub-Saharan Africa has declined from 33.2 percent in 1990– 92 to 23.2 percent in 2014–16, while the number of undernourished people has risen somewhat. The principal causes of poverty

Chanel Advertising free essay sample

Comparison of Chanel No. 5 Magazine Advertisement in 1959 and 2004 0 What do I wear in bed? Chanel N05, of course. Marilyn Monroe mentioned in her interview in 19521. When referring to fragrance, it is hard not to mention Chanel N05, due to its uniqueness, longevity and popularity, it is associated by others with women, famous and not famous, who have worn it in different eras over its decades. Chanel N05 is the first perfume launched by coco Chanel in 19202, it is not only one of the worlds top selling perfumes3 but also represent a world of fantasy and reflection of the desire and pleasure of the time period. Prior to the introduction of magazine, newspaper is the main communication source of information and advertising in the society4. At that time period, it is one of the most effective method for advertisings to enter the house of consumer since the limitation of technological development of radio and television have not yet been discovered. We will write a custom essay sample on Chanel Advertising or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Different from newspaper, magazine does not aim to target everyone, it often has very specific group of target group, presenting information and areas of interest that its target group would enjoy. In the early age of magazine, there was a great emphasize in argeting elite class of the society, which be seen from extremely informative full page of texts. After a realization of increasing number of middle class and immigrants, magazine shifted its target from the elite to middle class5, which lead to the necessity of the use of imagery to communicate. Editors of magazine has shift from elite man with a background of mostly literature to middle class man with a background relating to merchandise. Magazine realized that the profits are not made through subscriptions, but through companies market their products by buying spaces in the issue6. Advertisement in magazines has become one of the most prominent method of marketing or in another word, methods of creating desire. Chanel has always been featured their advertisement in leading female fashion related magazine such as Vogue, Harpers Bazaar and Elle. This essay will explore the comparison of Chanel N05 fragrance magazine advertisement from a different time period of 49 years in relationship to the cultural shift and the impact of advertisement from self satisfaction to sexual attraction which represents through values hold in gender, stereotypes, lifestyle, desire and fantasy. The two advertisements that will be used to analyze are the magazine ads of the famous Chanel N05 perfume. Chanel becomes the woman you are print ad in 1959 (Figl) starring Suzy Parker, one of the most recognizable faces of the 1950s as a supermodel and actress. Suzy Parker was the signature face for Coco Chanel as she has always been associated with elegance and glamour 7. The dominant part of the advertisement presents a black and white dreamy photograph of Suzy Parker in a beautiful evening gown with the perfect hair and make up, glancing slightly away from the viewers. The ads also features the well known bottle/ product, Chanel N05 s a secondary focus with a tag line Chanel becomes the woman you are with a paragraph expanding on it: A perfume is different on different women because every woman has a skin chemistry all her own.

Strategic Management and External Business Environment free essay sample

This essay is a case study of analyzing the UK biggest chocolate company Thorntons’ existing strategy in current economic situation using different aspects from both external and internal business environments. In this report I will engage with the business frameworks that we learned in the first five weeks such as S. W. O. T analysis, Porter’s Five Forces, PESTEL analysis as well as Industry life cycle. Moreover the S. W. O.T analysis will be divided to tow parts, which are strength and weakness for internal business environment and opportunities and threads for external business environment. After the full analysis for the existing strategy, we can see whether the strategy is able to face many changes from macro environment or microenvironment in this ever-changing world. 2. Introduction When a new player wants to have business in a new industry, it would better to make a strategy to direct the right way to success. We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Management and External Business Environment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Strategic planning is upward focused, looking at ensuring how tactics link up to corporate goals and strategies, strategic thinking is downward focused, looking to ensure that meaning and purpose are diffused throughout the organization so that appropriate goals and tactics can be developed to meet the real needs of the organization. (Shelton amp; Darling, 2001; Whitlock, 2003) 3. External Business Environment 3. 1 PESTEL analysis of chocolate industry As a matter of fact, a full PESTEL analysis can help organizations to protect or handle the unpredictable changes from external environment efficiently in this ever-changing world. Political factors Basically, there is just a few political factors will effect the companies which are having business in chocolate industry, because governments do not have to many limitations to the food industry. However, as the largest UK chocolate company, which has been exploring the foreign market outside EU, several uncertainties, has to be faced, su ch as the taxations in Asia are constantly changing. * Economic factors In this difficult economic situation, every organization suffers a heavy blow from financial crisis and Torntons is no exception. Normally, food industry can reflect the inflation most at the first time. Generally speaking, price of food is the first sign to be noticed when the financial crisis happened. Source: Based on information from http://www. thorntons. co. uk/content 2011 We can easily see that the sales performances of Torntons own stores and franchise decreased during 2010 to 2011. Conversely, the total retail sales had an increase by 8. 2% from 2010 to 2011, which means customers did not spend too much money on the regular price goods. However people bought more chocolate when goods were on sale. In other words, the inflation has a serious impact on people’s life and food industry. * Social Factors Social factors have an impact on the chocolate industry. First of all, in general, people do not think chocolate is a kind of healthy food at all. However, more and more people are seeking a healthy life style right now. So for these people, they would not take the chocolates into considered. On the other hand, due to increasing competition, Torntons has to face lots of challenges with them. * Technological Factors Technology always plays an important role in strategy, because lots of parts of process in organization base on the technology. For a chocolate company how to continuously improve the produce process have to be taken into account. Environment Factors For any food company, they are more dependent on raw materials. However, environment can decided whether companies are able to get good quality raw materials with reasonable price. So environment factor is one of unpredictable factors in PESTEL analysis and organizations have to prepare a back up plan to protect them. * Legal Factors There are two mains factors of legal problems related to Torntons, which are human resource legislation and food hygiene. First of all, the human resource legislation always changes including the working hours and insurance and taxation for the employees. It will affect the human cost directly. On the other hand, because the continually improvement of the food hygiene, the quality of the chocolate will be higher. Food safety is of paramount importance to our manufacturing processes and out single site production facilities at Thornton Park are regularly independently audited against the exacting requirements of the British Retail Consortium’s Global Standard for Food Safety and were reaccredited in June 2011 with its highest Grade A status. (Thorntons PLC 2011:13) 3. 2 Porter’s Five Forces Before a company start to have business in one area, it would better to analysis that this area whether easy to enter in and make profits among the competitors from different aspects including force of entrants, suppliers, buyers, substitutes and rivalry which called Porter’s Five Forces. Porter’s Five Forces framework identifies the attractiveness of an industry or sector in terms of competitive forces. (Johnson et al 2010) * Power of buyers Because of Thorntons’ pattern of distribution, they are only own stores and franchisees. Meanwhile, they do not have store in any large retail chains that can reduce the power of buyers. Thus, power of buyers for Thorntons is small and steady. * Power of suppliers Thorntons is not only has in-house supply, but also has several aspects need outside suppliers such as some raw materials (cocoa beans, sugar and milk) and service. But in terms of the big brand name, Thorntons still got strong supports from the outside suppliers with reasonable price. * Threats of substitutes For chocolate, only taste, form and packaging can be imitated, which means the there are a lot of threats of substitutes, because these three points are very easy to follow and copy. Moreover, not only traditional chocolate companies could produce substitutes products, but also some other snack food item could imitate the chocolate taste. * Threats of entrants Normally, entry into the chocolate industry or market would need a lot of requirements, such as investment for the manufacturing facilities and human resource. However the most important requirement is having a unique formula to produce chocolate, which is the value for a new brand just entered into this industry. Thus, for chocolate industry is quite difficult for the new players to entry into. * Intensity of rivalry The intensity of rivalry can be many types such as price competition as well as advertisement between the competitors. Fortunately, competitions in the Thorntons’ level just have a few competitors. However this will be a big threat to Thorntons because fewer competitors that mean new plays will locate their positioning in this level. 3. 3 Industry life cycle analysis Source: Johnson et al, Exploring Strategy, 2010 According to the sales performance of the UK chocolate industry, we can easily see that from 2005 to 2012 the performance of sales increases steadily at the shake-out stage in the industry life cycle. . 4 S. W. O. T analysis (Opportunities and Threats) Opportunities More and more people like to buy box chocolate as a gift. Easy trade outside EU. UK government has a strong support to import and export food. Increasingly mature E-market. Threats Many traditional chocolate companies start to transform their product to Thorntons’ level. Because of epidemic s pread in EU, it seriously affects the export trade. Inflation makes the price of store rent, raw materials and human resource increase. 4. Internal Business Environment After analyzing the external business environment of the Thorntons, we can take a look of the internal business environment. It is also quite an important part for an organization. 4. 1 Internal capabilities: resources and competences As the biggest chocolate company in UK, the main resource of Thorntons is its intangible resource especially the brand image actually. When people want to buy a box of chocolate as a gift, Thorntons will be the first brand come to mind immediately. This is the core of success of the Thorntons. As a matter of fact, Thorntons realized this intangible and intelligent using it. They put more and more emphasis on making the products unique with the strong brand image. That is why they still have a large group of target audience until now. On the other hand, competence for an organization has to be divided to two parts, one is threshold competence, and another one is core competence. Obviously, the requirements of threshold competence of chocolate company are not too much. Except the manufacturing of producing chocolate, the rest requirements are similar to the other industries. However, in order to gain more market share in the chocolate industry, the core competence has to be very unique. For Thorntons, they put much emphasis on different type of chocolate whether the form or topic of chocolates or unique packaging. 4. 2 S. W. O. T analysis (Strengths and Weaknesses) Strengths * High quality chocolate * Unique packaging design * Mature supply chain * Strong brand image among British Weakness * High cost for international buyers * Too much operating cost for the own stores * Don’t have enough breakthrough in future 5. Conclusion After a deep analysis of the Thorntons’ existing strategy, we can draw a conclusion that there are still having several elements from external business environment will affect the organization. However a perfect strategy plan could protect the organization to survival from the unpredictable changings of the world. Through the PESTEL analysis, for the food industry, the economic and social factors will affect it more than others. Moreover, the marketing positioning of Thorntons is between traditional chocolate and premier chocolate. So there are just a few competitors in this part of market. According to the Porter’s Five Forces analysis, we can also see that the intensity of rivalry is low which means Thorntons does not have too much competition. It is difficult for new players to entry into this industry.

AIDS among African Americans

HIV/AIDS among African Americans Introduction The prevalence rates of HIV/AIDS vary from on ethnic group to another in the United States. The epidemiology of this global menace has evolved with time since it started by affecting the white people and is now affecting the black people. Epidemiological data indicates that in the modern society, black people have high prevalence rates of HIV/AIDS.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on HIV/AIDS among African Americans specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the many ethnic groups experiencing worst cases of this disease is the African Americans because they have high prevalence rates when compared to other ethnic groups. For example, this disease is more prevalent among African Americans than among Asian Americans and Hispanic Americans. Stone, Ojikutu, Rawlings, and Smith (2009) record that within a period of 20 years, viz.1985 2005, the rate of infection of HIV/AIDS doubled from 25 per cent to 50 p er cent among African Americans. This change means that more African Americans are contracting the disease, living with it, or are under treatment than ever before. Additionally, statistics indicate that HIV/AIDS infections have gender orientation, as rates of infections are higher among women than among men (National Alliance of State Territorial AIDS Directors, 2008). Overall, a number of reasons might explain this scenario; for instance, drug abuse, sexual behaviors, and socioeconomic factors. The American government has come up with a number of programs to combat this problem. Therefore, this paper explores the potential causes of the disparity in HIV/AIDS and examines the efficacy of the programs that have been established to help in combating this menace. Overview of HIV/AIDS in the US Beyond 1980s, the white people had a higher number of people living with HIV/AIDS when compared to the blacks. Drug abusers and homosexuals defined the group of people among the whites who had a high prevalence of the disease. However, as cases of HIV/AIDS infections increased among the Americans, Africans Americans started to experience higher rates of infections than other ethnicities. Between 1985 and 2005, the infection rates doubled among African Americans from about 25 per cent to approximately 50 per cent (Stone, Ojikutu, Rawlings, Smith, 2009). In 1985, the population of African Americans formed about 12 per cent and during 2005, their population comprised 13 per cent.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The increase in population by 1 per cent does not justify the doubling of the disease cases. The increase was quite shocking because infection rates among other ethnic groups remained considerably low. Currently, the cases of infections among African Americans are still increasing exponentially. The disproportionate impact of the disease on th e Americans indicates that many factors, which mediate infection, exist among varied ethnicities and communities. In the United States, the population of people living with the disease has been increasing exponential in the last three decades. The people at risk of getting HIV/AIDS infections belong to the ages of 13 and 34 years because they are sexually active. Stone, Ojikutu, Rawlings, and Smith (2009) indicate, â€Å"At the end of 2008, 322, 796 persons were living with AIDS, nearly twice the number of those at the end of 1994† (p. 2). The exponential increase of the people living with the disease occurs due to change of lifestyles in the society coupled with other factors related to sexual behaviors. The government thus supported the introduction of treatment regimes and increased the number of prevention strategies. Although the treatment regimes and prevention strategies enabled stemming of HIV/AIDS amongst the whites, cases of the infections continued to increase amon g African Americans. As the cases of the disease continued to increase unabated among African Americans, the government and health care system had to revise their preventive strategies to help in combating the epidemic. From 1980s, it gradually became evident that African Americans had numerous predisposing factors that cause high rates of infections. Surveillance studies indicate that HIV/AIDS infections have both geographical and gender orientations. Stone, Ojikutu, Rawlings, and Smith (2009) note that surveillance data provided an interesting epidemiological aspect of HIV/AIDS epidemic, viz. â€Å"It was concentrated in specific geographical areas: the Northeast, the South, the Mid-Atlantic and the West coast† (p.3). The geographical aspect of the disease distribution indicates that there are social, economic, and cultural factors that contribute to the dominance of the disease in one region than other regions. Moreover, the occurrence of HIV/AIDS among African Americans h as gender orientation. African American women have higher cases of infections than their men counterparts do. â€Å"African American women comprise only 12 per cent of the female population in the United States, yet they accounted for 64 per cent of women living with HIV/AIDS at the end of 2006† (National Alliance of State Territorial AIDS Directors, 2008, p. 1).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on HIV/AIDS among African Americans specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This observation means that gender-based factors predispose African American women to the disease. In this view, the presence of many predisposing factors to the disease is responsible for the disproportionate distribution of HIV/AIDS cases amongst American ethnic groups. Potential Causes Drug Abuse The prevalence of HIV/AIDS infections among African Americans is higher when compared to the general population of the United States because they f orm a significant population of drug abusers. Given that African Americans have low socioeconomic status, they tend to abuse drugs as a way of dealing with stress and other life challenges. Laurencin, Christensen, and Taylor (2008) posit, â€Å"Illicit drug use is an important primary risk factor for HIV/AIDS infection among African Americans, which is also noted as the second leading cause of HIV infection for both black men and black women† (p.38). Drug abuse predisposes African Americans to the disease because they share needles that they use when injecting drugs into their bodies. Since drugs that people abuse are illegal, they abuse them in secret places where they cannot access extra needles in the event that they attempt to avoid sharing. Lack of extra needles and the addictive nature of the drugs compel the drugs users to share needles, thus predisposing them to the disease. Hence, if one of the drug users has HIV/AIDS, the entire group of drug users would contract it . Moreover, drug abuse predisposes African Americans to unprotected sexual intercourse because drugs influence one’s rational judgment. Usually, sober individuals are unlikely to participate in unprotected sexual activities because they still have the rational capacity of protecting themselves during sexual intercourse. In contrast, drug users are unable to protect themselves either during consented sexual intercourse or from rape. When a drug user is under intoxication, the chance that he/she can consent to perform sexual intercourse with protection is minimal. Hence, most sexual intercourse activities that occur among intoxicated drug users are unprotected. McCree, Jones, and O’Leary (2010) assert that drug abuse is responsible for high cases of HIV/AIDS among drug users because they are vulnerable to sexual abuses. Drugs users are vulnerable to abuses such as rape, sodomy, and gang rape because they do not have the capacity to protect themselves from such abuses. Ev entually, victims contract the disease and continue to transmit to other people whom they abuse drugs together.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Drug abuse also influences adherence to antiretroviral medication and other related medications. When infected people abuse drugs, they forget to take their medication, thus increasing viral load in their bodies. Increased viral load increases the chances of HIV/AIDS transmission during unprotected sexual intercourse. â€Å"A study of female cocaine users, predominantly African American women, showed that substance users were less likely than nonusers to take their antiretroviral therapies exactly as prescribed† (Laurencin, Christensen, Taylor, 2008, p. 38). Thus, drug abuse among African Americans contributes to poor adherence to prescribed medication and increases transmission of HIV/AIDS within population. Additionally, some illegal drugs impede efficacy of antiretroviral drugs for the normal dose of medication does not have the intended impact on the viral load. Reduced efficacy of the antiretroviral drugs implies that the medication does not help in management of the di sease. Therefore, among drug abusers, antiretroviral drugs are not significantly helpful. Sexual Behaviors The nature and type of sexual behaviors that Africa Americans practice put them at risk of contracting HIV/AIDS. Significant cases of infections occur through heterosexual contacts. African Americans nurture the social behavior of trusting each other while mistrusting other ethnic groups. The National Alliance of State and Territorial AIDS Directors (2008) posit, â€Å"African American women are less likely than other women to date men outside their racial/ethnic group† (p.1). Essentially, African American women tend to have sexual intercourse with African American men, thus restricting transmission of HIV/AIDS within their ethnic circle. Hence, heterosexual contact within the community explains why African Americans have a high prevalence of the disease when compared to other ethnic groups. Lower marriage rates among African Americans contribute to the increase in the c ases of HIV/AIDS transmission. Owing to low rates of marriage, African Americans prefer having multiple sexual partners. Given that most young people are single, they indulge in heterosexual intercourse with many partners, thus increasing the rate of transmission of HIV/AIDS. Moreover, sex-ratio imbalance has given men the advantage of having many sexual partners because women seem to be desperate in competing for the few available men. â€Å"The sex-ratio imbalance in African American communities can give rise to women’s difficulties in discussing and negotiating condom use with male sexual partners† (National Alliance of State Territorial AIDS Directors, 2008, p. 4). Thus, African American women succumb to demands of their partners, hence increasing their vulnerability to the disease. Ultimately, since men have multiple sexual partners, they increase the rate of transmission of HIV/AIDS among African Americans. Homosexual behaviors among African American men also co ntribute to the disproportionate occurrence of the disease. Among African American men, male-to-male sexual contact is responsible for the occurrence of high incidences of HIV/AIDS. Studies have shown that homosexuals have increased in the past decade due to recognition of their rights in the society. Hence, homosexuals have contributed to the increase in the prevalent rates of the disease among African Americans. According to Laurencin, Christensen, and Taylor (2008), survey conducted across the United States indicated that clubs, cafes, bars, parks, gyms, gay pride events, and social organizations are places where homosexuals interact and propagate their sexual activities. Since most African American men are dominant in such places, they are vulnerable to HIV/AIDs because they interact with people from various backgrounds. Sexually transmitted diseases predispose people to HIV/AIDS. The disproportionate occurrence of the disease among African Americans is due to the high incidence s of sexually transmitted diseases. In 2005, â€Å"African Americans were 18 times as likely as whites to have gonorrhea and approximately five times as likely to have syphilis† (Laurencin, Christensen, Taylor, 2008, p. 38). Gonorrhea cases formed about 58 per cent of the total cases while cases of syphilis comprised 41 per cent. Sexually transmitted diseases such as gonorrhea cause inflammation on genital areas and increases susceptibility to the disease. Susceptibility to HIV/AIDS increases because white blood cells concentrate on an inflamed genital tract thus causing the viral load to increase (Friedman, Cooper, Osborne, 2009). Syphilis is an ulcerative sexually transmitted disease, which enhances entry of viruses through mucosal ulcerations. Therefore, high prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases among African Americans has contributed to the disproportionate occurrence of the disease. Socio-economic status Socio-economic status is a factor that determines the susc eptibility of people to HIV/AIDS. The low socio-economic status amongst African Americans has contributed to high incidences of the disease. Women under low socioeconomic status are prone to sexual abuse because they are unable to defend themselves. Therefore, they become subjects of sexual abuse, thus predisposed to HIV/AIDS. Friedman, Cooper, and Osborne (2009, p.1003) argue, â€Å"Infections are not simple product of behavior alone†, but a complex of social and economic factors that affect the lives of African Americans. Hence, differences in socio-economic status between the whites and blacks have contributed to the high incidences of the disease among African Americans. Additionally, low socio-economic status determines access to healthcare, and thus relates to the incidences of HIV/AIDS cases among the African Americans. â€Å"Limited access to high-quality healthcare, housing, and HIV/AIDS prevention and education programs both directly and indirectly increase the ris k factors for HIV infection† (Laurencin, Christensen, Taylor, 2008, p. 38). In the year 2000, approximately 25 per cent of African Americans lived in poverty, which means that they could not access essential healthcare services. Historically, African Americans faced social and economic marginalization, which increased their vulnerability to drug abuse, homelessness, incarceration, and risky sexual behaviors. Hence, poverty and social alienation prevent African Americans from accessing critical healthcare services, which translates to increased HIV/AIDS prevalence. Government Programs Community mobilization to increase awareness about HIV/AIDS is one of the strategies that the United States has applied in reversing trends of the epidemic among African Americans. Issues to deal with increased awareness of the disease and its associated risk factors such as drugs and sexual behaviors have significantly reduced the rate of infections among African Americans and the general popula tion. Mobilization of communities to enhance awareness of the disease has changed perceptions and norms about the disease. Through awareness, stigma has reduced, people have diagnosed HIV/AIDS early, patients have adhered to treatment plans, and the entire population has transformed their lifestyles for healthy behaviors (Stone, Ojikutu, Rawlings, Smith, 2009). Hence, community mobilization has made tremendous reductions in the rate of HIV/AIDS infection among African Americans for they have avoided drug abuse and risky sexual behaviors. Adherence to medication is a major problem that influences management of HIV/AIDS. The government employs an educational program where healthcare providers offer patients with essential information to enhance adherence to antiretroviral drugs. The United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (2007) indicate, â€Å"Preparing patients through treatment education and providing ongoing need-based education help persons with HIV to manage their treatment and HIV-related diseases† (p.1). Treatment education enables patients to manage their condition by adhering to medication and improving their CD4 counts. Treatment education at the community level aims at encouraging people to check their HIV status and take the appropriate healthcare measures. Eventually, the community becomes responsive to the needs of patients and thus reduces the stigma associated with the disease. Hence, treatment education is an effective program that is helpful in promoting adherence to medication. Enhancement of socio-economic status of the African Americans is a strategy that the government has employed in combating the high incidences of HIV/AIDS. Enhancement of socio-economic status of African Americans enables them to access healthcare services they could not afford before. The government has made significant progress in enhancing accessibility of healthcare services. It has collaborated with various stakeholders such as Med icaid and Medicare in providing affordable healthcare to the poor people, who are mainly African Americans. The government has also used comprehensive approach in empowering African Americans to reverse trends of HIV/AIDS infections. â€Å"One strategy to create such a vast change involves merging HIV/AIDS prevention with efforts against racism, homophobia, joblessness, sexual violence, homelessness, substance abuse, mental illness, and poverty† (Laurencin, Christensen, Taylor, 2008, p.41). Hence, comprehensive approach is appropriate in combating HIV/AIDS among African Americans. Conclusion The disproportionate occurrence of HIV/AIDS among African Americans indicates social, economic, and health disparities that exist in the United States. Though African Americans represent about 13 per cent of the population, they have about 50 per cent cases of HIV/AIDS. The major causes for the disproportionate occurrence of the disease among African Americans include drug abuse, sexual behaviors, and low socio-economic status. Hence, the government has set up programs such as community mobilization, treatment education, and enhancement of socio-economic status via comprehensive approach to combat HIV/AIDS among African Americans. References Friedman, S., Cooper, H., Osborne, A. (2009). Interventions strategies for HIV/AIDS Prevention among African Americans: Structural and social contexts of HIV risk among African Americans. American Journal of Public Health, 99(6), 1002-1008. Laurencin, C., Christensen, D., Taylor, E. (2008). HIV/AIDS and the African-American Community: A state of Emergency. Journal of the National Medical Association, 100(1), 35-43. McCree, D., Jones, K., O’Leary, A. (2010). African Americans and HIV/AIDS:  Understanding and addressing the epidemic. New York, NY: Springer. National Alliance of State Territorial AIDS Directors. (2008). The landscape of  HIV/AIDS among African American: Women in the United States. Web. Stone, V., Oj ikutu, B., Rawlings, M., Smith, K. (2009). HIV/AIDS in U.S. communities  Of color. New York, NY: Springer. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. (2007). Current  Research and good practice in HIV and AIDS treatment education. Retrieved from https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000149722

Business and Corporate Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business and Corporate Law - Essay Example Both offer and acceptance constitute a part of an agreement, which is in turn an element of a contract. An offer can be defined as an option given by an individual which he has agreed to and would not revoke until a specified set of period (Evans p. 145). In order to facilitate the order of business in the market, the parties involved sign a contract based on mutual consent and understanding. The agreement over the contract, however, relates to the offer and agreement and only on the accumulation of both can a successful agreement be reached. Generally, the offeror begins with decision so as to make an offer, after which he deems necessary to communicate it to the relevant party. Then, the offeree may accept the offer after which it is necessary for him to communicate the acceptance. However, the acceptance occurs formally only when the offeror receives the acceptance. In the middle of such scenarios, there may be many different technicalities, where the offeree may also request to m ake changes in the offer, or may even ask for further information. Other parties may also be involved for smooth disposal of agreement. However, in the context of the issue being discussed, the child or an under-age individual is an offeree, and the author is arguing over the situational contexts where the section 7 could be applied. In the view of the author, the offer must not be made to an under-age individuals in any case, not even when he acts of someone else`s behalf to accept an offer. Thus, in any case, any individual under the age of 18 must not enter into a transaction of sale otherwise banned to him; otherwise it would be breach of the law. Furthermore, prior to understanding the argument, there must be a discussion over the Section 7 of the Children and Young Persons Act of Parliament, which solely focuses on the rules of business regarding the sale of tobacco

Macroeconomics Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Macroeconomics - Case Study Example In other words, the level of investment determines the level of saving and not the other way around (Michl 2002, p.43). The point has been argued for the next 70 years and both theories have at times fallen in and out of favour. Thomas Palley of the AFL-CIO wrote in a 1996 paper that, "The view that saving causes investment is widely identified with classical macroeconomics, while the view that investment causes saving is widely identified with Keynesian macroeconomics. However, deeper inspection reveals that both theoretical perspectives are capable of producing bidirectional causality, and this limits the usefulness of theory for resolving this crucial matter" (p.5). Supply side economics has run headlong into the demand side theories and have resulted in numerous, and yet valid, academic arguments on both sides. According to theory, "...saving can never be different from intended investment, in equilibrium" (McCain 2007). The Paradox of Thrift is one explanation, though not the only one, of how savings can influence an economy's production and increase the unemployment rate. Supply side economics maintains that the marginal tax rate, the rate at which the next dollar earned is taxed, directly influences people's propensity to work, save, and invest (Gwartney 2002). By reducing the marginal tax rate investors are stimulated to invest in a business that may be too risky under a higher tax rate. Lower tax rates may spur people to work harder or longer hours and save their money. Indeed, the tax rate has often been used by governments to stimulate investment. According to Gwartney (2002), "Of eighty-six countries with a personal income tax, fifty-five reduced their top marginal tax rate during the 1985-90 period, while only two (Luxembourg and Lebanon) increased their top rate. Countries that substantially reduced their top marginal tax rates include Australia, Brazil, France, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Sweden, and the United Kingdom". Many critics saw these deep tax cuts as a bonanza for the rich and argued that the increased tax revenues during this perio d were simply the result of an in increase in demand. However, during this period of tax cuts in the United States, "...the income tax revenue collected from the top 10 percent of earners rose from $150.6 billion in 1981 to $199.8 billion in 1988, an increase of 32.7 percent" (Gwartney 2002). It can be inferred that a lower rate and increased revenue were the result of a massive increase in wealth for the top 10% that came from capital investment. It would seem that supply side economics had proven itself once and for all. Demand side theorists continued to point to the Paradox of Thrift and its effect on consumption and production. Advocates of demand side economics contend that, "...a decrease in spending leads to a decrease in employment, which leads to a further decrease in spending, which leads to a further decrease in employment, which leads to a yet further decrease in spending, and so on" (Thies, 1997). Some economists contend that corporate cost cutting is a path to a 'corporate paradox of thrift' which could lead to massive layoffs and firings' (Shostik 2002). Individual savings decreases spending for the consumer class and so any increase in savings decreases consumption and increases

Two contrasting religious Essay Example for Free

Two contrasting religious Essay Compare the similarities and differences in the practices and beliefs of individuals from two contrasting religious or secular groups. In M1 I will be discussing the similarities and differences of Islam and Christianity. I will be discussing about the religions origins, worship, festivals, clothing, beliefs and diet. Origins A similarity of Islam and Christianity is that they both believe in one God (Christianity Jesus) (Islam Allah). A difference is that both religions have different countries of origin. Islam originated from Makkah and Madina which is situated in Saudi Arabia and Christianity originated from Jerusalem in Israel. Islam began in the 7th century, God sent his message through the prophet Mohammed showing how to worship God, and how to perfect life. Islam spread through East Asia, Central Europe and North Africa. Today Islam is recorded to be the fastest growing religion in the world. Christianity developed in the 1st century; Christianity came from the religion Judaism Christianity began with the apostles of Jesus. Christianity mostly spread because Jesus and his disciples went from town to town preaching about the Jewish law. Christianity is practiced in USA, Brazil, Mexico, Russia, China, Germany, Philippines, United Kingdom, Italy, France and Nigeria. The first mosque was built in Madina. The first Christian church was founded in 33AD in Jerusalem. Worship A similarity of Islam and Christianity is that they both have holy places they worship at. Christians worship at a church usually on a Sunday; Muslims worship at a mosque, Muslims usually go to the mosque on Fridays or any day of the week. The difference is that they worship on different days. Muslims can pray together or by themselves and can pray at home or workplace as long as the place is clean and quiet. Christians and Muslims worship to get closer their Gods. Christians can worship at church or home they can also pray by themselves or in a group; Christians pray to get closer to God. A difference is that Islam requires Muslims to pray five times a day and with Christianity Christians are require praying once a day or more if they want to. Christians and Muslims both pray to get closer to God. A similarity is that both religions both religions have holy books that they read. A  difference is that Islam has the Quran and Christianity has the Holy Bible. Christians and Muslims read their holy books to learn more about their religions and for guidance through their lives. Christians and Muslims read their holy books to gain knowledge too. Festivals A similarity of Islam and Christianity is that they both have one main festival they celebrate Christians celebrate Christmas on December 25th Muslims celebrate Eid the date for Eid changes every year Muslims will celebrate Eid after Ramadan. A difference is that Christianity has a specific time of the year to celebrate Christmas and Eid moves from time to time every year. Both religions celebrate these festivals by having a big feast, spending time with family and buying new clothes. Christmas in the birth of Jesus during this period Christians usually exchange gifts, spend time with friends and family, wear new clothes and have a big dinner which is call Christmas dinner. Eid is the celebration of Ramadan; Ramadan is the periods when muslims fast for 30 days and they are allow to eat after sunset. The day after Ramadan is Eid, Eid is when muslims spend time with family and friends, eat, and buy new clothes to wear. Beliefs Some of the similarities are that both religions believe in one God, and both have a holy book they believe in. A difference is that Muslims believe in seven main things; Belief in God, belief in the prophets, belief in the angels, belief in the holy book which is the Quran, belief in the judgement day, belief in life after death and belief in the good and bad. Christians believe that God is the father of Jesus. Another similarity is that both religions believe in life after death. Christianise believes in the Bible, they believe in God, they believe that God sent Jesus they believe that God came through Jesus as a human form. Muslims believe in that Mohammed is the last messenger, they believe you go to heaven or hell on the day of judgement and Christians also believe you go heaven or hell once you on the day of judgement. Clothing A difference of clothing is that Muslims women cover their hair with a hijab (head scarf) this is by choice. Christianity doesn’t require women to cover  their hair. Some Muslims men can cover their hair with a topi if they want to. Christianity doesn’t require men to cover their hair. Some women can wear a long dress called jilbab. A similarity is that both religions require you to dress modesty. Muslims women wear theses because you are not allowed to show your figure (jilbab) and they wear the hijab to not show their beauty so no one is looking at them in the wrong way. Is it written in the Quran that you can cover your hair and it says that you should wear clothing that doesn’t show your figure. Diet A difference is that Islam requires Muslims to eat only certain foods like halal meat. Muslims aren’t allowed to eat lard, pork, any foods with gelatine and food or drinks that contain alcohol. Christians believe that God has given them the animals to eat as well to have and take off. Some Christians may eat only fish on Good Friday or just one or two meals. During lent Christians may give up something they really like, like chocolate until Easter Sunday. Christians may eat bread and drink wine every Sunday to remember Jesus and what he did. Bibliography About.com Islam (2013) Islamic Clothing Requirements Available at http://islam.about.com/od/dress/p/clothing_reqs.htm [accessed 24/09/13] Atschool (December 2007) Christmas the story, customs and traditions, Available at, http://atschool.eduweb.co.uk/carolrb/christmas/christmas1.html [accessed: 24/09/13] Christianity.org (2013) Worship Available at, http://www.christianity.org.uk/index.php/worship.php [accessed: 24/09/13] Copyright global tolerance limited (2009) Faith and Food Available at http://atschool.eduweb.co.uk/carolrb/christmas/christmas1.html [accessed: 24/09/13] Copyright Inter- Islam (1998-2001) Diet in Islam, Available at http://www.inter-islam.org/Lifestyle/diet.htm [accessed: 24/09/13] Wood Jenny (1988) Islam for children, Available at http://atschool.eduweb.co.uk/carolrb/islam/glossary.html [accessed: 24/09/13] Greenstar (2013) ISLAM, Available at http://www.greenstar.org/Islam/ [accessed 25/09/13] Religion answers (2013) how did Christianity begin? Available at, http://religion.answers.wikia.com/wiki/How_did_christianity_begin [accessed 25/09/13] Darul-arqam (2012) why must Muslims go to the mosque for prayers on Fridays Available at, http://www.darul-arqam.org.sg/what-is-islam/brief-history-of-islam/ [accessed 25/09/13]

Essay on Gender in William Shakespeares Sonnets :: Shakespeare Sonnet

Gender in Shakespeare’s Sonnets  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Much has been made (by those who have chosen to notice) of the fact that in Shakespeare's sonnets, the beloved is a young man. It is remarkable, from a historical point of view, and raises intriguing, though unanswerable, questions about the nature of Shakespeare's relationship to the young man who inspired these sonnets. Given 16th-Century England's censorious attitudes towards homosexuality, it might seem surprising that Will's beloved is male. However, in terms of the conventions of the poetry of idealized, courtly love, it makes surprisingly little difference whether Will's beloved is male or female; to put the matter more strongly, in some ways it makes more sense for the beloved to be male. Will's beloved is "more lovely and more temperate (18.2)" than a summer's day; "the tenth Muse (38.9);" "'Fair,' 'kind,' and 'true' (105.9);" the sun that shines "with all triumphant splendor (33.10)." We've heard all this before. This idealization of the loved one is perhaps the most common, traditional feature of love poetry. Taken to its logical conclusion, however, idealized love has some surprising implications. To idealize the beloved is to claim for them (or, in a sense, to endow them with) certain characteristics. The Ideal is the One--perfect, self-sufficient, unified, complete. The Ideal doesn't need anything. The consistent, static, homogeneous Sun is ideal; the changeable, inconsistent Moon is not. Insofar as the Ideal is the One, it is also the True. The image coincides with reality; looks do not deceive. There is, for Will, a battle between his eye and heart--"Mine eye and heart are at a mortal war / How to divide the conquest of thy sight: (46.1-2)"--but they are not disagreeing about value: ". . . mine eye's due is thy outward part, / And my heart's right thy inward love of heart (13-14)." Inward and outward are in harmony; the beautiful is the good. This could create a problem, since the beloved eventually is going to grow old and ugly and then die and be food for worms. There is in the sonnets definitely a concern with the ravages of "Time's scythe." And Will does not say "I'll love you when you are old and ugly." The body will wither and die. But the Ideal can be saved, if one prints off more images. Will exhorts his beloved to reproduce, "breed another thee (6.

Communication Process

Hypothesis The following hypothesis is used as a logical approach for completion of the essay. A hypothesis is used in order to identify all the key elements of the essay in a logical and a systematic order. The hypothesis is as follows; â€Å"Is effective communication more about identifying and overcoming barriers to communication? What is the nature of effective communication? † Based on the above hypothesis, I have listed the following key elements. 1. Communication 1. Communication process 2. Types of communication 3. Importance of communication 2.How communication can influence an organization? 3. Effective & ineffective communication 1. What is effective communication? 2. Importance of effective communication 3. What is ineffective communication? 4. How both effective and ineffective communication affects an organization? 4. Identifying & overcoming communication barriers 1. Barriers to effective communication 2. How to overcome barriers to communication? 1. Introductio n â€Å"Communication is the use of verbal and non-verbal communication between people trying to create shared meaning. † (Yoder, Hugenberg & Wallace 1996)Throughout the history of mankind, their uniqueness in communication has become the key element in their success to become the most developed and well organized living beings among thousands of others. It is no different when comes to the corporate world, better the communication process that an organization posses, better the performances they achieve in today’s competitive world. So it has become vital for an organization to keep its communication process as effectively as possible in order achieve its organizational goals in a both effective and efficient manner.So the following essay was prepared with the intention of giving the readers a better understanding and a clear view of what is effective communication and what makes the communication a process an effective one. 2. 0 What is communication? Communication i s where two or more people will transfer information, feelings, ideas and opinions between or among each others. 2. 1 The communication process This is the standard model of a communication process. This process always takes place between two parties.Sender – The starting point of the communication process, sender will encode the message Message – The information which is sent to the receiver. Channel – Is the medium which transfers the message from the sender to the receiver. Barriers – Barriers are the distortions which make the message not to be conveyed as intended. Receiver – The person who’s at the end of the process and who’ll decode the message Feedback – It will be the final step of the communication process where receiver sends a message as reply to the sender. 2.Types of communication Different forms of communication media like televisions, radios are used by people in order to communicate information,opinions, etc, among each others. The most primitive ways of communication are by body language,speaking,sign language and eye contact. All of those communication methods can be broadly divided in to two main types. Those two types of communication are as follows. †¢ Verbal communication †¢ Non verbal communication 1. Verbal communication Verbal communication includes sounds, words, language and speaking.When it comes to business,  verbal communication  is very important for the reason being that you are dealing with a variety of people through out the day. In some cases you may deal with people who have different culture, ages and with different levels of experience. Fluent verbal communication is essential to deal with people in business meetings. Business communication  self-confidence  plays a vital role which when matched with fluent  communication skills. 2. Non verbal communicationNon-verbal communication  involves physical ways of communication, like, tone of the voic e, touch, smell and body motion. Symbols and sign language are also included in non-verbal communication. Body language is a non-verbal way of communication. Body posture and physical contact convey a lot of information. Body posture matters a lot when you are communicating verbally to someone. Folded arms and crossed legs are some of the signals conveyed by a body posture. Physical contact, like, shaking hands, pushing, patting and touching expresses the feeling of intimacy.Facial expressions, gestures and eye contact are all different ways of communication. 3. Importance of communication Every action a person or an organization takes is mostly based on the information available; to perform that specific action as intended, relevant information will be required. Even after performing the act, the party which performed it will need a feedback to identify whether the performed act bore the intended results. So it is clear that, without communication, none of those would be possible. 3. 0 Involvement of communication in an organization.For an organization to run smoothly, it has to have a well structured communication process inside its own. According to Kondrat (2009), Communication is the â€Å"lifeblood† of every organization. A vital means of attending to company concerns is through effective internal communication. Decision making is the most vital activity in an organization, to make decisions, to implement them and to reassess those decisions, organizational management will require relevant information. As discussed previously to have better information, better communication among all layers is required.So it is evident that, better the communication inside the organization, better the decision it makes and also better the results. 3. 1 Formal communication channels Formal channels are used within an organization in order to make the flow of information smoother among all levels in the chain of command. In the general aspect, there are three main c ommunication flows within an organization. Those are downward, upward and horizontal communication. 3. 1. 1 Downward communication It is the communication flow which is used by managers in an organization mainly to give orders and instructions.In a downward communication, the information flow will be from top to bottom, where managers will send messages to their subordinates. Those messages will include implementation of managerial decisions such as goals, plans and strategies, job instructions, rationale, procedures, practices, performance feedbacks, etc. 3. 1. 2 Upward communication Under this channel, information flow will be from the lower levels to the higher levels. Upward communication is more popular in learning organizations, where the lower levels of employees do get involved in the decision making process by giving their suggestions.Upward communication can be helpful in problem solving as the parties who are actually involved in the problem can give their point of view t o the higher management. 3. 1. 3 Horizontal communication In horizontal communication, parties which are in the same level will communicate with each others. (e. g. inter departmental) This can be helpful to coordinate activities and request support. 3. 2 Informal communication channel These are the communication channels which are not authorized as formal communication channels and it doesn’t have a clear pattern of the hierarchical levels included.Literally an informal communication channel is a channel which can connect anyone in the organization. Examples for informal communication channels †¢ Management by walking around (MBWA) †¢ Grapevine 4. 0 Effective and Ineffective communication As the topic of this essay relates, achieving effective communication is vital. So before discussing about methods of achieving effective communication, it is more sensible to discuss what is meant by effective communication and what is meant by ineffective communication. 4. 1 Wha t is effective communication?The communication process can be recognized as an effective one, when the receiver decodes and understand the message as intended by the sender. Furthermore, a proper feedback from the receiver to the sender will also facilitate effective communication. 4. 2 Importance of effective communication Effective communication skills is most likely to prevent conflicts and solve current conflicts it is learnt that through effective means of communication people can negotiate and arrive at possible solutions. The benefits of effective communication are many as they enhance all aspects of personal and professional lives. . 3 What is ineffective communication? This is a process by which the meaning the receiver attaches to a message may be completely different to the message intended by the sender. So it is evident that the basic concept of communication, which is sharing ideas and information among each other will be broken down if ineffective communication takes place. 4. 4 Importance of effective communication to an organization According to Panse (2009), Most companies and organizations have people working in small teams.This has been found to be more effective and productive than a single individual toiling away at a project. When you have three or four more people working on an issue, you have the advantage of having access to more ideas and solutions for the project, of having more checking safeguards against any flaws in the plan, and of being able to establish more network connections. A group is also more likely to take on and complete large-scale, complex projects. For the team to operate smoothly there must be open and efficient communication between the members of the teamTeam communication is important for the following reasons – †¢ Project-related information needs to be shared. †¢ Each member of the team needs to be acquainted with the team goal and his/her role in the team. †¢ Effective and open communic ation lines create feelings of trust and of belonging to the team. The more the members feel valued the more dedicated they are likely to be, and this in turn makes it easier for the team as a whole to achieve its goals. 4. 5 Affects of ineffective communication on an organization Ineffective communication hampers organizational success.This can also be seen as miscommunication. In an organization ineffective communication can occur due to many reasons. So it is important as a manager to curb these issues and create an effective communication channel. Ineffective communication leads to conflict within the organization and lead to distortion of information and this misunderstanding between department and individuals. Lack of effective communication may lead to a breakdown in interactions between employees in the organization. 5. Identifying and overcoming communication barriers.As discussed under the communication process, communication barriers are universal for any type of communic ation. In the perspective of an organization, barriers to communication can be divided into two main categories as individual barriers and organizational barriers. 5. 1 Individual barriers – Individual barriers are fatigue, poor listening skills, attitude toward the sender or the information, lack of interest in the message, fear, mistrust, past experiences, negative attitude, problems at home, lack of common experiences, and emotions. . 2 Organizational barriers – One of the major organizational barriers is the high power distance between low and high level employees. Due to this subordinates will not share sensitive information with their superiors as a result of the fear of facing negative reactions from the top management towards them. Poorly structured organizational channels will also active as an organizational barrier towards communication. 5. 3 Methods of overcoming barriers †¢ Using constructive feedback Training employees to involve active listening whe n they communicate †¢ Training employees to constraint their emotions †¢ Eliminating differences in perception †¢ Proper communication channel selection By using some or all of the methods mentioned above, an organization can reduce the impact done by communication barriers. 6. Conclusion In conclusion under the current situation, effective communication has universally become mandatory in order to achieve success. According to Kondrat (2009), Communication is the â€Å"lifeblood† of every organization.A vital means of attending to company concerns is through effective internal communication. If a manager is able to communicate their ideas clearly, so that employees definitely know what is asked of them, the subordinates will, consequently, perform their jobs correspondingly. On contrast, an aggressive way of managing reports results in employees’ getting more and more frustrated often guessing what their real faults are To achieve effective communicatio n, one must have a clear understanding about the communication process and how it functions.On the other hand, having a thorough understanding about the communication process will not help to build up effective communication. So it is wiser to find out what factors make communication effective. As discussed above, what make a communication process ineffective are the communication barriers. When those barriers are in place, they can disrupt the communication process in a huge manner. Those barriers will make, encoding and decoding the message hard. If it happens, the message will not be sent and received as intended.So then the whole communication process will become ineffective, as the sole reason for the process’ existence relies on conveying the intended message properly. This proves that identifying and overcoming communication barriers are important to have effective communication. Understanding the communication process will definitely help to make communication effecti ve, but it will not eradicate the main obstacles for effective communication, which are the communication barriers.So it is now very clear that identifying and overcoming the communication barriers are far more important for effective communication than understanding the communication process. 7. References Communication Skills-Start Here, (1995). Retrieved on April 30, 2010 from http://www. mindtools. com/CommSkll/CommunicationIntro. html Management Skills Resources, (2009). Retrieved on May 1, 2010 from http://www. bizmove. com/skills/m8g. htm Maya Pillai, (n. d). Barriers to effective Communication, Retrieved on May 1, 2010 from http://www. buzzle. om/articles/barriers-to-effective-communication. html Mortensen (1998) Communication Models, Retrieved on May 1, 2010 from http://www. shkaminski. com/Classes/Handouts/Communication%20Models. htm Overcoming Communication Barriers, (n. d) , Retrieved on May 1, 2010 from http://managementstudyguide. com/overcoming-communication-barriers. htm Sonal Panse, (2009). Effective team communication. Retrieved on May 1, 2010, from http://www. buzzle. com/articles/small-group-communication-effective-team-communication. html ———————– Feedback Barriers Receiver Message Sender

From Bondage to Freedom - 939 Words

Whenever Abraham Lincoln heard â€Å"anyone arguing for slavery† he would â€Å"feel a strong impulse to see it tried on him personally†. Experiencing slavery first hand would definitely give someone an opposing view towards slavery. Despite the quick fix for slavery this option offers, it is not one of the more humane or reasonable choices. Slavery has a long history as something that will ruin a person’s life. One of the most horrific outcomes of human nature, slavery becomes recognizable not only as an outward and physical bondage, but as something that controls people’s emotions and financial statuses. Enslaved people are often pitied, and treated as if they have no control over the matter. Several notable works, The Jungle by Upton Sinclair, The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass by Frederick Douglass, and Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston focus on varying aspects of slavery. The main characters in these books all unde rgo some form of slavery. Whether enslaved physically, economically, or mentally, perseverance, knowledge, and a mind open to change will most often result in freedom from one’s bondages. Physical slavery, by far the most obvious and apparent type, has tormented not only Africans, but other people as well. Although not technically slaves, some people tend to get bossed around controlled more easily than others. On the other hand, some people order others around, and expect to be obeyed. In Their Eyes Were Watching God, by ZoraShow MoreRelatedMy Bondage And My Freedom1223 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"My Bondage and My Freedom† Slavery, Hardships, and Freedom? This book describes a day in a life of Frederick Douglass. In 2013, I saw a movie called ’12 Years A Slave’ reading this book and watching the movie was eye-opening for me. ‘My Freedom’ in this book explains that young Douglass suffered as a slave, when which he failed to flee his ‘Bondage’, then eventually he escapes that life. 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Despite everything they both keptRead MoreHelping Slaves Escape with the Underground Railroad1140 Words   |  5 PagesThe Underground Railroad was a hidden system developed to help fugitive slaves escape from bondage. It is both a dangerous and illegal task to assist these fugitive runaways with their escape. Secret codes were created to help protect themselves and to reach their destinations safely. One of these secret codes was the â€Å"Quilt Code,† it was used to display various geometric shapes and patterns resembling those found in American patc hwork quilts. These quilts displayed messages in connection withRead MoreSummary Of Thirty Years A Slave By William Wells Essay1513 Words   |  7 Pagesmoving on from captivity. William Wells Brown begins â€Å"Clotel† with the brief story of how he escaped slavery. As the writing progresses, Brown tells the story of Clotel, one of the alleged children of Thomas Jefferson that lived in slavery for most her life. Both writings give insight of living in slavery during 19th century America, and the difficulty in a country that is in the middle of overcoming enslavement. To some degree, citizens of America still feel the shackles of past bondage today. InRead MoreAnalysis Of The Stone Soup By Barbara Kingsolver884 Words   |  4 Pagesthat divorce frees the families from bondage. The best way to teach others how divorce, in certain relationships, frees the families from bondage is by using personal experience because individuals who have experienced divorce find it easier to explain the facts of divorce. From childhood, many parents teach their children that divorce is wrong and that there becomes a way to fix the circumstances. At a young age, Kingsolver inherited a definition of divorce from her family and friends. Kingsolver